CPHON Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Study Resource

The classic manifestation of G6PD deficiency is acute hemolytic anemia. This condition arises due to the inability of red blood cells to handle oxidative stress effectively, which is a direct consequence of the deficiency in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). When individuals with this deficiency encounter oxidative triggers, such as certain medications, infections, or consumption of fava beans, their red blood cells can become damaged and lead to hemolysis—where the cells burst prematurely.

This acute hemolytic event results in symptoms such as pallor, jaundice, dark urine, and fatigue due to the rapid destruction of red blood cells, leading to a significant drop in hemoglobin levels. Recognizing this hallmark feature is critical for the prompt management of affected individuals, ensuring they are protected from known oxidative stressors that could precipitate an acute hemolytic crisis.